1   前言： 漏爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)坩堝感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)重要的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，它(ta)是(shi)用(yong)來判(pan)斷(duan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)襯(chen)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)情況(kuang)，防止爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)襯(chen)開裂造成(cheng)漏爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)日常(chang)運行中(zhong)，如(ru)何判(pan)別漏爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)是(shi)否正常(chang)；在(zai)(zai)漏爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)發(fa)出(chu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)號(hao)時(shi)，如(ru)何準確(que)地(di)判(pan)斷(duan)是(shi)否為真(zhen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，這(zhe)不(bu)僅關(guan)系到爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)齡(ling)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)短，更關(guan)系到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，下(xia)(xia)面詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)(de)分析幾種常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)及判(pan)斷(duan)方法。 2   漏爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理： 我公司現(xian)有(you)一(yi)臺的(de)(de)(de)10噸(dun)及兩臺20噸(dun)中(zhong)頻爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，全(quan)部采用(yong)接(jie)(jie)觸式漏爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。其原(yuan)理為在(zai)(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)埋入(ru)不(bu)銹鋼絲作為一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)（簡(jian)稱爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)線），它(ta)與(yu)(yu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)鐵(tie)水(shui)相連。在(zai)(zai)感應(ying)線圈(quan)內(nei)側(ce)云母板與(yu)(yu)石棉板之(zhi)間，安(an)裝(zhuang)不(bu)銹鋼絲網(wang)作為另一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)（簡(jian)稱報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)），它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度略高(gao)于爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)鐵(tie)水(shui)，成(cheng)“C”形分布。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之(zhi)間加入(ru)低(di)壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)正常(chang)狀況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，由于爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)襯(chen)材料(liao)與(yu)(yu)石棉板都有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)小(xiao)。當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)襯(chen)侵蝕到一(yi)定(ding)程度，鐵(tie)水(shui)滲(shen)透(tou)到不(bu)銹鋼絲網(wang)時(shi)，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)與(yu)(yu)不(bu)銹鋼絲網(wang)導通，報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流迅速增加，達到報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)整定(ding)值后報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)發(fa)出(chu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)號(hao)。 為了確(que)保(bao)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)準確(que)可靠，必須滿足(zu)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)條件： 2.1 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)線與(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)水(shui)保(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)接(jie)(jie)觸。 2.2 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)線與(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)不(bu)能同時(shi)接(jie)(jie)地(di)。 2.3 報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)整定(ding)值小(xiao)于爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)線與(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值。 這(zhe)樣才能保(bao)證(zheng)當(dang)鐵(tie)水(shui)快要接(jie)(jie)觸到報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)時(shi)，報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)就(jiu)已經提(ti)前發(fa)出(chu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)號(hao)，為及時(shi)出(chu)空爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)鐵(tie)水(shui)提(ti)供了足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)運行。

漏爐報警系統的日常檢查方法： 在電爐運行過程中，每天必須對報警系統進行檢測。方法如下：（注：此方法適用于報警系統未發出報警信號之前進行測量） 3.1   確認報警系統控制電源處于工作狀態，爐體選擇開關（SA2）處于閉合位置。 3.2   將電爐的功率控制旋鈕朝逆時針方向轉到底，旋轉逆變停止旋鈕，使電爐停止工作。 3.3   短接爐底線與報警網引出線，報警系統應發出報警信號，拆除短接線后報警電流恢復原來數值。如果不報警，則需檢查直流電源、報警電流表、限流電阻及其連接線。 3.4   準備一根干燥的實心鐵釬，將鐵釬一頭用導線連接到報警柜內報警網線“320”，鐵釬另一頭插入爐子的金屬液中（注意：鐵釬不能接觸爐殼和接地），觀察報警電流表上指針是否朝右偏轉。 3.4.1   如果報警電流表上指針朝右偏轉超過報警整定值，發出聲光報警，說明爐底線與鐵水接觸良好。 3.4.2   如果報警電流表上指針朝右偏轉未達到報警整定值，說明爐底線與鐵水接觸不良。需將報警整定值朝左調整，直至發出聲光報警為止。 3.4.3   如果報警電流表上指針不動，說明爐底線與鐵水接觸完全斷開。漏爐報警系統失效。 3.4.4   在漏爐報警系統失效的情況下，將鐵釬一頭用導線連接到報警柜內爐底線“321”，鐵釬另一頭插入爐子的金屬液中（注意：鐵釬不能接觸爐殼和接地），觀察報警電流表上的數值。此數值反映真實的報警電流值。 ⑴ 如果報警電流表指針不動，說明爐襯良好。 ⑵   如果報警電流表指針朝右偏轉，說明爐襯不好。偏轉數值越大，說明爐襯侵蝕及開裂現象越嚴重。 ⑶   如果報警電流表指針達到報警整定值，發出聲光報警，說明爐襯已漏爐報警。 3.5   用導線一頭連接到報警柜內爐底線“321”，導線另一頭接觸爐殼。觀察報警電流表上指針是否朝右偏轉。

3 3.5.1   如(ru)果(guo)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)指(zhi)針不(bu)動，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)網線(xian)對(dui)地(di)絕緣(yuan)良(liang)好。 3.5.2   如(ru)果(guo)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)指(zhi)針朝(chao)(chao)右偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)網線(xian)對(dui)地(di)絕緣(yuan)不(bu)好。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)數值(zhi)越(yue)大(da)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)網線(xian)接(jie)地(di)現象越(yue)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)。 3.6   用導線(xian)一(yi)頭連(lian)接(jie)到報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)柜內報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)網線(xian)“320”，導線(xian)另(ling)一(yi)頭接(jie)觸爐(lu)殼。觀察報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)上指(zhi)針是否朝(chao)(chao)右偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。 3.6.1   如(ru)果(guo)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)指(zhi)針不(bu)動，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)爐(lu)底(di)線(xian)和鐵水對(dui)地(di)絕緣(yuan)良(liang)好。 3.6.2   如(ru)果(guo)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)指(zhi)針朝(chao)(chao)右偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)爐(lu)底(di)線(xian)和鐵水對(dui)地(di)絕緣(yuan)不(bu)好。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)數值(zhi)越(yue)大(da)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)爐(lu)底(di)線(xian)和鐵水接(jie)地(di)現象越(yue)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)。

檢(jian)測漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，提前預知穿爐(lu)(lu)，不(bu)能****的(de)指(zhi)望(wang)它(ta)靈敏，要通過觀測檢(jian)測爐(lu)(lu)襯(chen)的(de)狀態、中(zhong)頻電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表的(de)指(zhi)示，看(kan)是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)同(tong)樣裝料(liao)熔煉的(de)狀況下電(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)變(bian)化，這些參數(shu)記(ji)錄(lu)分析出(chu)來做為(wei)參考，時間長了就總(zong)結(jie)出(chu)穿爐(lu)(lu)的(de)先兆了。中(zhong)頻漏(lou)爐(lu)(lu)報(bao)(bao)警裝置在爐(lu)(lu)襯(chen)完好時由于爐(lu)(lu)體潮(chao)會(hui)誤報(bao)(bao)，在爐(lu)(lu)齡后期(qi)也會(hui)誤報(bao)(bao)，關鍵是(shi)要根據統計的(de)結(jie)果總(zong)結(jie)出(chu)合適的(de)扒爐(lu)(lu)周(zhou)期(qi)。